The COVID-19 Pandemic: A Defining Global Crisis of the 21st Century

Published Date: June 27, 2025

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the novel coronavirus SARS‑CoV‑2, emerged in late 2019 and rapidly evolved into an unprecedented global health emergency. Spanning nearly every nation, it disrupted lives, economies, and systems on a scale not witnessed in modern times. Beyond the staggering human toll, the pandemic revealed deep vulnerabilities in global healthcare, governance, and socio-economic structures—forcing the world to adapt, innovate, and reflect.

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Origin and Global Spread 🌍

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The virus was first identified in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. Within weeks, it had crossed international borders, fueled by global travel and dense urban populations. In March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID‑19 a global pandemic. The virus, primarily transmitted via respiratory droplets and aerosols, led to waves of infections that overwhelmed health systems worldwide.

Governments responded with containment measures: lockdowns, travel restrictions, mask mandates, and social distancing. While effective in reducing transmission, these measures carried significant economic and social consequences.

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Public Health Impact

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COVID‑19 exposed the fragility of healthcare systems even in developed nations. Hospitals reached capacity, medical supply chains were strained, and frontline healthcare workers faced immense pressure. As of mid‑2023, the virus had infected hundreds of millions and resulted in over 6 million confirmed deaths globally.

The rapid development and deployment of vaccines, notably mRNA-based formulations, marked a turning point. Mass vaccination campaigns reduced infection severity and fatalities, though vaccine equity and hesitancy remained challenges.

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Economic Fallout

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The pandemic triggered one of the deepest global recessions since World War II. Industries such as tourism, hospitality, retail, and aviation were brought to a standstill. Small and medium-sized enterprises suffered significant losses, while unemployment surged worldwide.

Governments implemented emergency fiscal measures, including stimulus packages, unemployment benefits, and business relief programs. Central banks adopted accommodative monetary policies to stabilize financial markets. However, recovery remained uneven—and developing nations faced prolonged economic setbacks.

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Societal and Psychological Consequences

Social structures were deeply affected. School closures and the shift to remote learning disrupted education for millions. Family separation, isolation, and fear triggered a surge in mental health issues, including anxiety, depression, and grief.

The pandemic also exacerbated existing inequalities: marginalized communities, essential workers, and those with limited healthcare access faced disproportionately higher risks. A clearer awareness of health disparities emerged.

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Technological Advancement and Innovation

Despite the crisis, digital transformation accelerated across sectors. Remote work, telemedicine, and online collaboration tools became integral to daily life. Global scientific collaboration led to the fastest vaccine development timeline in history.

The pandemic underscored the critical importance of investing in health research, data infrastructure, and technology-driven resilience.

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Environmental Insights

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Lockdowns led to unexpected environmental changes:

• Significant drops in air pollution (NO₂ and PM2.5), enhancing air quality.

• Temporary reductions in CO₂ emissions and clearer skies.

• Wildlife returning to formerly crowded urban spaces.

These changes illustrated the deep connection between human activity and the Earth system, highlighting opportunities for sustainable recovery strategies.

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International Cooperation and Divisions

Global cooperation in science flourished, yet vaccine nationalism and misinformation sowed division. High-income countries secured early vaccine access, while COVAX and other initiatives sought equity in lower-income regions.

The pandemic reinforced the need for global solidarity but revealed persistent geopolitical and logistical challenges.

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Current Situation (2025): Progress with Caution

As of 2025, the world has largely returned to normal. Vaccination campaigns—including updated boosters for emerging variants—remain active. Many countries have integrated COVID‑19 measures into routine public health systems.

However, the virus persists: periodic outbreaks still occur, particularly in regions with low vaccine coverage or weakened healthcare infrastructure. Public fatigue with health measures and misinformation remain pressing concerns.

Global surveillance systems are better—but experts warn complacency could lead to new surges, especially with novel variants.

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A Warning for the Future

COVID‑19 must be seen not as a one-time crisis but a wake-up call. Future pandemics are highly probable. Urbanization, climate change, and global travel create ideal conditions for zoonotic diseases.

Continued vigilance, enhanced global cooperation, and sustained investment in preparedness infrastructures are essential. Without these, the world remains vulnerable to another catastrophic outbreak.

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Key Lessons and the Path Forward

• Preparedness Matters: Robust surveillance, early warning systems, and resource stockpiles are critical.

• Healthcare Investment Is Essential: Equitable and strong healthcare systems underpin resilience.

• Global Solidarity Is Non-Negotiable: Pathogens don’t respect borders—solutions shouldn’t either.

• Innovation Saves Lives: Science and clear communication are vital for effective responses.

• Complacency Is Dangerous: Ongoing commitment to global health security is essential.

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Conclusion

The COVID‑19 pandemic was a defining moment in modern history. It tested global systems, transformed norms, and reshaped how we live and work. While much has been learned, the threat remains. The sacrifices made must inspire action—not forgetfulness.

The world now stands at a critical crossroads: we can either build a wiser, more prepared global community or risk repeating history. Let the lessons of COVID‑19 guide us toward a future anchored in empathy, equity, and resilience.

The Hijrah of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ: A Turning Point in Islamic History

The Hijrah (هِجْرَة), or migration, of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ from Makkah to Madinah, marks one of the most significant events in Islamic history. It was not merely a journey to escape persecution, but a divine plan that led to the establishment of a united Muslim community and the birth of the Islamic civilization.

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🌙 Background of the Hijrah

For 13 years in Makkah, Prophet Muhammad ﷺ preached the message of Tawhid (Oneness of Allah), calling people away from idol worship and toward a life of justice, morality, and submission to Allah. However, his message was met with severe resistance from the Quraysh tribe. The Muslims faced torture, economic boycott, and social isolation. Many companions were martyred or forced to flee.

Despite these challenges, the Prophet ﷺ remained patient and continued his mission. When the persecution reached its peak and his life was under threat, Allah commanded him to migrate.

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🕋 The Secret Departure

The Quraysh plotted to assassinate the Prophet ﷺ, gathering men from every tribe to strike him together. But Allah protected His Messenger. That night, the Prophet ﷺ asked his cousin, Ali ibn Abi Talib (RA), to sleep in his bed as a decoy. Meanwhile, the Prophet ﷺ secretly left his house and joined Abu Bakr As-Siddiq (RA) for the journey.

They hid in the Cave of Thawr for three days. The Quraysh searched everywhere, even near the cave, but Allah concealed them. As the Qur’an says:

“If you do not aid him – Allah has already aided him... when they were in the cave and he said to his companion, ‘Do not grieve; indeed Allah is with us.’”
— [Surah At-Tawbah 9:40]

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🌿 Arrival in Madinah

After a long and difficult journey through the desert, Prophet Muhammad ﷺ reached Yathrib (later known as Madinah). The people of Madinah, known as the Ansar (helpers), welcomed him with open hearts and great joy. This event marked the foundation of the first Islamic state, based on justice, equality, and the rule of law.

The Prophet ﷺ established a masjid, built brotherhood between the Muhajirun (migrants from Makkah) and the Ansar, and created a constitution to govern Madinah peacefully among Muslims, Jews, and other communities.

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📅 Beginning of the Islamic Calendar

The Hijrah was such a pivotal event that Caliph Umar ibn al-Khattab (RA) chose it as the starting point of the Islamic calendar. It was not just a migration but a transformation — from oppression to freedom, from tribalism to unity, and from darkness to light.

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🕌 Lessons from the Hijrah

1. Trust in Allah (Tawakkul): The Prophet ﷺ trusted Allah during the most dangerous times.

2. Patience in adversity: Muslims endured hardships in Makkah, showing great sabr.

3. Planning with wisdom: The Hijrah was well-planned, despite being a spiritual mission.

4. Unity and brotherhood: Building strong bonds among Muslims was key to their success.

5. Freedom to worship: Madinah allowed Muslims to practice Islam freely and spread the message.

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🌟 Conclusion

The Hijrah of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ is a story of sacrifice, struggle, and triumph. It teaches us that with faith, patience, and unity, we can overcome any challenge. It is not just a historical event, but a living example for Muslims to follow in building peaceful, just, and faithful communities.

Iran-Israel Conflict 2025: A Fragile Ceasefire Amidst Tensions

Introduction

On June 27, 2025, the world watches as a delicate ceasefire between Iran and Israel, brokered by the United States, holds after a 12-day conflict that began on June 13. The war, marked by intense missile exchanges and airstrikes, has left both nations claiming victory while navigating the complex aftermath. This article explores the key developments, responses from both sides, and the broader implications of this conflict.

The Conflict and Ceasefire

The conflict erupted when Iran launched missile attacks on Israel, prompting retaliatory strikes from Israel targeting Iranian nuclear and military infrastructure. The United States, under President Donald Trump, intervened with "Operation Midnight Hammer," striking Iranian nuclear sites. On June 24, a U.S.-brokered ceasefire took effect, halting major hostilities despite initial violations. Iran fired missiles hours before the truce, killing seven in southern Israel, and Israel responded by targeting a radar installation near Tehran. Since then, both sides have adhered to the ceasefire, with no further escalations reported.

Iran’s Perspective

Iran’s Supreme Leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, declared the conflict a victory, describing Iran’s missile strikes as a “heavy slap” to the U.S. and Israel. President Masoud Pezeshkian announced the “end of the 12-day imposed war,” signaling openness to diplomacy while vowing to uphold the ceasefire unless provoked. Iran is now assessing damage to its nuclear facilities, with plans to accelerate its civilian nuclear program. The regime lifted internet restrictions imposed during the war, and domestic support has surged, with even opposition figures rallying against foreign attacks.

Israel’s Stance

Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu hailed the conflict as a “historic victory,” claiming significant damage to Iran’s nuclear and missile capabilities. Israel remains committed to preventing Iran from rebuilding its nuclear program and continues operations against Iran’s regional allies, such as Hamas. The Israeli military reported damage to its own infrastructure but emphasized its operational success in weakening Iran’s strategic assets.

U.S. Role and Reactions

The U.S. played a pivotal role in both the conflict and its resolution. President Trump claimed that U.S. strikes “obliterated” Iran’s nuclear capabilities, though a leaked intelligence report suggested the setback was limited to a few months. Trump dismissed the report as “fake news.” U.S. and Iranian officials are scheduled to hold talks next week to address the conflict’s fallout. Domestically, U.S. Democrats criticized the administration for lack of transparency, with congressional briefings planned to address these concerns.

Regional and International Dynamics

Qatar’s mediation was crucial in securing the ceasefire, with its air defenses intercepting Iranian missiles aimed at a U.S. base in Doha. China’s limited role reflected Israel’s skepticism of its ties with Iran, while the European Union is pushing to revive nuclear diplomacy. Pope Leo XIV called for peace, urging both sides to prioritize dialogue. In Gaza, the Israel-Hamas conflict remains unresolved, with seven Israeli soldiers killed on June 24, prompting calls to extend the ceasefire to the region.

Damage and Strategic Implications

Satellite imagery confirms significant damage to Iranian nuclear sites, though assessments vary. The CIA claims a severe setback to Iran’s program, while some analysts argue key facilities like Fordow remain intact. Israel’s infrastructure also sustained damage, including from misfires. Iran’s execution of three alleged Israeli spies underscores heightened internal security measures. The conflict has bolstered Iran’s regional alliances while straining Israel’s resources amid its multi-front campaigns.

Looking Ahead

The ceasefire’s stability remains uncertain as both Iran and Israel assert their achievements. Iran’s focus on rebuilding its nuclear program and Israel’s commitment to countering Iran’s influence suggest ongoing tensions. The upcoming U.S.-Iran talks could shape the next phase, but the broader regional dynamics, including the Gaza conflict, complicate the path to lasting peace.

Conclusion

The Iran-Israel conflict of June 2025 has reshaped the Middle East’s geopolitical landscape. While the ceasefire holds, the underlying issues—nuclear ambitions, regional rivalries, and international involvement—persist. The world awaits the outcome of diplomatic efforts, hoping for de-escalation in a region long plagued by conflict.

Sources: CNN, The New York Times, Al Jazeera

বিটকয়েনের রহস্যময় স্রষ্টা: কেন Satoshi Nakamoto অদৃশ্য হয়ে গেলেন?

বিটকয়েনের রহস্যময় স্রষ্টা: কেন Satoshi Nakamoto অদৃশ্য হয়ে গেলেন?

বর্তমান যুগের সবচেয়ে বিপ্লবাত্মক প্রযুক্তিগত উদ্ভাবনগুলোর মধ্যে বিটকয়েন অন্যতম। ডিজিটাল মুদ্রা হিসেবে বিটকয়েনের উত্থান বিশ্ব অর্থনীতির ছক বদলে দিয়েছে। কিন্তু বিটকয়েনের স্রষ্টা, যিনি Satoshi Nakamoto নামে পরিচিত, তিনি কে? আর কেন তিনি হঠাৎ করে সবার চোখের সামনে থেকে অদৃশ্য হয়ে গেলেন?

ছবি: Unsplash - Vadim Artyukhin

Satoshi Nakamoto – এক রহস্যময় পরিচয়

২০০৮ সালে Satoshi Nakamoto নামের একজন ব্যক্তি বা একটি গোষ্ঠী প্রথম বিটকয়েনের ধারণা প্রকাশ করেন একটি হোয়াইটপেপারের মাধ্যমে। তিনি প্রস্তাব করেন একটি বিকেন্দ্রীভূত ডিজিটাল মুদ্রা, যা ব্যাংক বা কোনো কেন্দ্রীয় কর্তৃপক্ষ ছাড়াই ব্যক্তি থেকে ব্যক্তির মধ্যে লেনদেনের সুযোগ দেবে।

আজ পর্যন্ত কেউ নিশ্চিতভাবে বলতে পারে না Satoshi Nakamoto একজন ব্যক্তি, নাকি একটি দল। অনেক গবেষণা ও অনুমান থাকলেও, তার প্রকৃত পরিচয় অজানাই রয়ে গেছে।

কেন তিনি অদৃশ্য হলেন?

• নিরাপত্তা ও ব্যক্তিগত ঝুঁকি: বিটকয়েনের মতো একটি বড় উদ্ভাবনের পেছনের মানুষ হিসেবে তার জীবনের নিরাপত্তা হুমকির মুখে পড়তে পারতো।
• রাজনৈতিক ও আর্থিক চাপ: বিশ্বব্যাপী সরকার ও কেন্দ্রীয় ব্যাংক বিটকয়েনকে হুমকি মনে করতে পারে, যার কারণে তার ওপর চাপ সৃষ্টি হতে পারতো।
• নিজের ইচ্ছায় সরে যাওয়া: তিনি হয়তো কখনোই পরিচিতি চাননি। তিনি শুধু প্রযুক্তিটি দিয়ে যেতে চেয়েছেন, নেতৃত্ব নয়।

বিটকয়েনের বৈশ্বিক প্রভাব

বিটকয়েন শুধু একটি ডিজিটাল মুদ্রা নয়, এটি একটি দৃষ্টিভঙ্গি। এর মাধ্যমে এসেছে:

• 📌 কেন্দ্রীয় নিয়ন্ত্রণহীন অর্থনীতি
• 🔗 ব্লকচেইন প্রযুক্তির বিস্তার
• 🌐 আর্থিক স্বাধীনতার সুযোগ

নিঃশব্দে প্রভাব

Satoshi’র নামে থাকা বিটকয়েনের পরিমাণ আনুমানিক ১০ লক্ষ, যার বাজারমূল্য বিলিয়ন ডলার ছাড়িয়ে গেছে। কিন্তু সেই সম্পদ আজও স্পর্শ করা হয়নি। এটি প্রমাণ করে, তিনি বিটকয়েনকে একটি আন্দোলন হিসেবে দেখেছেন—লাভের উৎস নয়।

উপসংহার

Satoshi Nakamoto হয়তো নিভৃতে রয়েছেন, হয়তো আমাদের মাঝেই কোথাও। কিন্তু তার সৃষ্টি বিটকয়েন আজ বিশ্ব অর্থনীতিকে প্রশ্ন করছে এবং নতুন ভবিষ্যতের দিকে নিয়ে যাচ্ছে।

📌 "নাম হারালেও প্রভাব হারায় না।" – Satoshi হয়তো নেই, কিন্তু তার সৃষ্টি অমর।

How AI is Transforming Businesses in 2025: 5 Must-Know Trends

In 2025, artificial intelligence (AI) is no longer a futuristic buzzword—it’s the foundation of modern business. As over 50% of global companies now rely on AI to improve their operations (MarketsandMarkets, 2025), the landscape is shifting rapidly. From personalization to cybersecurity, AI is reshaping industries.

Written at 04:20 AM +06 on Saturday, June 21, 2025, this article covers five transformative AI trends business leaders must understand to stay competitive.

Alt Text: “Team collaborating with AI-driven holographic charts in a modern office, 2025.”

1. Hyper-Personalized Customer Experiences

AI enables businesses to analyze customer behavior and deliver real-time personalization. Netflix uses AI to recommend content, accounting for 80% of user engagement (Forbes, 2025). E-commerce platforms report a 30% boost in conversions using AI-driven recommendations.

Industries like finance and healthcare are leveraging AI for tailored experiences—custom loan packages or wellness plans. A 2025 Gartner report shows 20% higher retention and 25% more revenue per user for businesses using AI personalization.

Why It Matters: In a market where 70% of consumers switch brands due to poor personalization (Accenture, 2025), AI provides a competitive edge.

Actionable Tips:

• Start small with tools like Salesforce Einstein or HubSpot AI.

• Integrate data across platforms (web, mobile, social).

• Use AI-powered sentiment analysis to continuously refine campaigns.

Alt Text: “AI-powered e-commerce website displaying personalized product recommendations, 2025.”

2. Streamlining Operations with AI Automation

Automation is eliminating repetitive tasks and optimizing workflows. In 2025, 60% of finance and HR functions (e.g., payroll, invoicing) are automated, saving 25+ hours weekly (McKinsey, 2025).

Customer service is transformed by tools like xAI’s Grok, which cut support costs by 40%. Manufacturers automate predictive maintenance, logistics firms reduce delivery planning time by half.

Why It Matters: AI automation reduces costs by 30% and minimizes errors.

Actionable Tips:

• Identify and automate repetitive processes.

• Use platforms like UiPath or Grok AI.

• Upskill staff for managing and scaling automation tools.

Alt Text: “AI robots and digital dashboards streamlining warehouse operations, 2025.”

3. Generative AI: The Creative Revolution

Generative AI tools (e.g., Jasper.ai, MidJourney) enable fast, high-quality content creation. In 2025, 45% of marketing teams generate 70% of their content using AI, reducing time and cost (HubSpot, 2025).

From blog posts to Instagram graphics to product design, businesses can now compete with larger players.

Why It Matters: Generative AI reduces creative costs by 40% while maintaining quality.

Actionable Tips:

• Test tools like Copy.ai, Canva AI, and MidJourney.

• Set content production goals (e.g., 1 campaign/month).

• Partner with AI developers for customized outputs.

Alt Text: “Marketer using generative AI to create vibrant social media content, 2025.”

4. Ethical AI: Building Trust in a Digital World

Ethical AI is a top priority. 70% of consumers in 2025 prefer brands that use AI responsibly (Deloitte). Regulations like the EU AI Act mandate transparency and fairness in AI systems.

Companies like Microsoft now build “explainable AI” into their platforms to address bias and improve trust.

Why It Matters: Ethical lapses can cost companies up to 15% of their market share (Accenture, 2025).

Actionable Tips:

• Run AI audits using tools like IBM AI Fairness 360.

• Publish an AI ethics policy on your website.

• Ensure transparency in hiring, finance, and customer-facing tools.

Alt Text: “Balanced scale representing ethical AI with fairness and transparency, 2025.”

5. Fortifying Cybersecurity with AI

With ransomware up 35% in 2024 (IBM, 2025), AI is now essential in cybersecurity. Tools like Darktrace, CrowdStrike, and SentinelOne detect threats faster than traditional systems.

A financial institution using AI in 2025 detected a breach two days before impact, preventing a $2 million loss.

Why It Matters: The average cost of a breach is now $4.5 million (Ponemon Institute, 2025).

Actionable Tips:

• Deploy AI-powered security platforms.

• Run bi-annual team training to reduce human errors.

• Simulate attacks to test system defenses.

Alt Text: “AI-powered cybersecurity shield protecting a digital network, 2025.”

Conclusion

AI is the engine driving business transformation in 2025. Whether through personalized customer experiences, automated operations, creative content generation, ethical safeguards, or advanced cybersecurity—AI is now a strategic imperative.

Start with small, measurable projects. Choose the right tools. Upskill your team. Test, learn, and scale.

ইরান-ইসরায়েল যুদ্ধ ২০২৫: ইসলামী প্রতিরোধের শক্তি ও আত্মরক্ষার সংগ্রাম

 

🇮🇷 ইরান-ইসরায়েল যুদ্ধ: ২০ জুন ২০২৫ – ইরানপন্থী দৃষ্টিকোণ

ইসরায়েলের আগ্রাসনের জবাবে ইরান আত্মরক্ষার জন্য পাল্টা হামলা চালিয়েছে। আজকের আপডেট তুলে ধরা হলো:

🔥 যুদ্ধ পরিস্থিতি

• ইরানের বিরুদ্ধে ইসরায়েল অপারেশন চালিয়েছে নাটান্জ ও আরাক পারমাণবিক স্থাপনায়।
• ইরান পাল্টা জবাবে হাইফা ও তেল আবিবে ব্যালিস্টিক মিসাইল হামলা চালিয়েছে।
• ইরানের পররাষ্ট্রমন্ত্রী জানিয়েছেন, ইরান আলোচনায় রাজি, তবে আত্মসমর্পণে নয়।

📸 যুদ্ধক্ষেত্র থেকে গুরুত্বপূর্ণ দৃশ্য

ছবি ১: ইসরায়েলি বোমা হামলায় তেহরানের একটি আবাসিক ভবন সম্পূর্ণ ধ্বংস হয়ে যায়।

ছবি ২: ইসরায়েলি হামলায় তেহরানের তেল ডিপোতে ভয়াবহ অগ্নিকাণ্ড।

ছবি ৩: সামরিক বিশ্লেষকদের মতে, ইসরায়েল কৌশলগত অবস্থানে হামলা চালাচ্ছে, কিন্তু ইরানের প্রতিরোধও শক্তিশালী।

🕊️ শান্তির সম্ভাবনা

ইরান বিশ্বের কাছে আহ্বান জানিয়েছে যেন ইসরায়েলের আগ্রাসন বন্ধ করে দেওয়া হয় এবং কূটনৈতিক আলোচনার পথ খোলা থাকে। ইউরোপীয় ইউনিয়নের মধ্যস্থতায় আজ জেনেভাতে আলোচনা চলছে।

✍️ উপসংহার:

ইরান যুদ্ধ চায় না, কিন্তু আত্মসম্মান বিসর্জনও দিতে প্রস্তুত নয়। সত্য, ন্যায় এবং আত্মরক্ষার এই লড়াইয়ে ইরান তার জনগণের পাশে দাঁড়িয়ে আছে।

📌 নোট: সব ছবি কেবল শিক্ষামূলক ও সংবাদভিত্তিক বিশ্লেষণের উদ্দেশ্যে ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে।